Aim and background: The main goal of this research is to evaluate the key factors of sustainable supply chain management and ranking of suppliers by combining the factor analysis approach, SWARA and WASPAS. Method: the method of this research is description-measurement in terms of purpose, function and data collection. The statistical population for the research regarding the evaluation of the influence of factors with the factor analysis test includes approximately 300 experts, managers and experts of the country's gas industry in the field of related issues and involved in the planning, quality assurance, logistics and supply chain units of the gas industry, which in the end is a sample of 190 people taken into consideration. Findings: The output of factor analysis showed that all factors are effective in implementing the system. In the following, using the opinions of 30 experts and using the new technique of SWARA, the aforementioned factors, were evaluated and the weight of the factors was extracted. The output of this technique showed that the fourth factor, "Education of company sustainability to managers" with the highest weight, is more important than other factors. In addition, the seventh factor (implementation of environmental management systems) ranks next in terms of importance in managing the sustainable supply chain of the country's gas industry. The sixth (activities to inform the society about sustainability) and the eighth factors (lawful legal procedures of favorable trade) are equally less important than other factors with the lowest weight. Finally, in order to realize the final goal of the research, the new WASPAS technique was used to rank the five sustainable suppliers of the industry and the ranking of the suppliers was extracted in terms of sustainability factors. The final output of the WASPAS technique showed that the fifth supplier ranked first, the first supplier ranked second, the second supplier ranked third, and the third and fourth suppliers ranked fourth with the same score. Conclusion: The findings of this research provide a suitable view to domestic industry managers in the successful implementation of sustainable supply chain management. In addition, it can provide practical guidance to companies to implement sustainable supply chain management and, by providing a theoretical basis, encouraging the government in formulating sustainable development industrial policies.

Aims The use of intrauterine devices (IUDs) has been one of the most effective, the safest and cost-effective methods for preventing pregnancy, for a long time. However, some complications have been reported for IUDs. The complications may be reduced by using a specific technique for placement of IUD. The objective of this study was to introduce the rotating withdrawal technique for the first time, which was investigated to reduce the complications of IUD insertion. Materials & Methods This historical cohort study was conducted on 1199 females who referred to Sarem Medical Center for IUD insertion from 1984 to 1995. After primary examinations, IUD was inserted by rotating withdrawal technique. The subjects were followed up for 2 years. Findings Displacement was observed just in 20 cases (1. 67%). All of them were seen in the first month after placement. For these cases, IUD insertion was done again. After the second replacement, displacement was observed in 4 cases (0. 035%) after one month. Therefore, it was recommended to them to use another preventive method. There was no pregnancy or displacement in the other cases during 2 years. Conclusion The rotating withdrawal technique can minimize the pregnancy rate when IUD is used. In addition to the type and quality of IUD, insertion method of IUD can increase its effectiveness.

Objective: The purpose of this research is to identify and quantify the challenges of implementing the expected credit loss (ECL) model in Iranian banks. This model can identify the effects of defaults in earlier periods, which would reduce the volume of banks bad debts. Methods: The required data was collected mainly through library studies and interviews with those who are experts in the field using the fuzzy Delphi method and in appropriate cases through face-to-face interviews. Finally, the collected data were processed the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) to identify and rank barriers to implementing the ECL model. And by using the new WASPAS method, the best solutions to eliminate the obstacles to implementing the expected loss model in Iran's banks are proposed. Results: Results showed that the globalization index of funding is the most important index for the need to implement international standards of financial reporting (IFRS) in Iranian banks. Index of the increased risk of bad debts and the provision for impairment bad debts of Iranian banks are the most important index of the status of existing infrastructure. Appropriate classification group of microfinance and timely provision for impairment bad debts were also identified as the most important consequences of using the credit loss model. Failure to monitor financial statements and other information during repayment is also the most important challenge in implementing this model. Access to reliable information for professional judgment has also been recognized as the most important solution to these challenges. Conclusion: Banks are required to develop their risk management systems in order to implement the expected loss model, since most of the information needed, like the determination of default probabilities (PD) and internal customer ratings for determining Reserve, is provided by risk management units.

In this paper, a new method for extending and relaxing the noise-coupling (NC) technique is proposed to enhance the noise-shaping order without adding the number of integrators. The noise-shaping order of the introduced ∑∆ modulator whit applying a second-order noise-coupling technique is enhanced and its performance with optimizing the noise transfer function (NTF) zeros is improved. Also, by removing the analog adder at feedforward path and transferring it to a new feedback branch before the last integrator and adding second-order NC path can be decreased the input voltage swing to the quantizer. Thus, by improving the modulator resolution, power consumption can be reduced. Mathematical analyses and behavioural simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the new NC method. To examine its performance, a 2nd-order single loop ΣΔ modulator was designed. The new noise-coupling method is used to achieve the three-order noise shaping to increase the resolution with low complexity and low-power. The results show an outstanding improvement in signal-to-noise and distortion ratio (SNDR) compared to the conventional structure.

Problem design: Exploitation systems form the basis of Iran's agriculture and show the type and form of the relationship between man and nature. The correct and principled use of nature and production inputs and tools by humans is of great importance in agricultural exploitation. Such a use could show itself in the stability and dynamics of exploitation systems. Objective: This research was based on the comparative analysis of small peasant exploitation systems and production cooperatives with regard to sustainable development indicators in Isfahan Province. Method: The research was based on an applied method in terms of purpose and a descriptive-analytical one in terms of nature. The data collection method was based on a documentary-survey approach. Results: WASPAS technique showed that the social, economic, and environmental dimensions in Arg Rudasht Company had the highest rank compared to those of other companies. Also, the higher value of Qi (0. 0506) in the production cooperative exploitation system in the production cooperative company compared to its value of 0. 0787 in the small peasant system in the mentioned company indicated the greater success of the production cooperative exploitation system compared to the small peasant system. Also, Golestan Kanawat, Berzuk, and Teng-e Chayedeh companies were in the lowest rank compared to the other companies. With the help of CODAS technique, the small peasant exploitation and production cooperative systems were measured. The results showed that Arg Rudasht company was higher than the other companies in both the small peasant exploitation and production cooperative systems in Isfahan Province. According to the calculated Euclidean distances, the production cooperative system was more successful than the small peasant exploitation system. Also, according to the CODAS technique, Tang-e Chayedeh and Sardab Sofli companies had the lowest ranks in the small peasant exploitation and production cooperative exploitation systems. Research innovation: The innovation of this study was application of the mentioned indicators that were appropriate for the local conditions, types of the tests, and the studied places. Introduction The strategic position and role of the agricultural sector in meeting the nutritional needs of the society and national development has created the need for fundamental and comprehensive changes in the structure of agriculture through the recognition of appropriate exploitation systems in the framework of long-term scientific planning. Today, despite various economic developments, the agricultural sector continues to be important in the development of rural and even urban areas. Agriculture can be the only way out for the millions of poor villagers, who have been pushed back by the economic changes of recent decades. With the development of agriculture in small towns, new jobs are created, small businesses become midwives, and eventually small towns are strengthened. One of the important aspects of the economics of agricultural communities is the study of agricultural exploitation systems. Accordingly, it can be said that the issues of exploitation system in any society are the most basic and major issues of the agricultural sector of that society. Planning and policy-making for the development of operating systems should be based on increasing production through performance per unit area without harming the environment so as to increase sustainable production capacity. The operating systems of economic and social organizations are composed of interconnected elements that, with a single identity and management and in mutual relation with the social and natural conditions of their environments, provide the possibility of producing agricultural products. Today, agricultural systems are exposed to exploitation beyond their natural capacities, the root of which can be traced to improper exploitation and mismanagement (Makhdoom, 1389: 19). The purpose of sustainable agriculture is to create sustainable agricultural production systems, which do not conflict with environmental and socio-economic benefits and basically emphasize the capacity to maintain fertility, while maintaining the survival of basic resources as well. On the other hand, the dynamism and evolutions of exploitation systems will be effective when based on considerations for sustainability in all economic, social, and environmental dimensions in accordance with the structure and performance of those systems. Sustainable development will be achieved if there is an overlap between ecological, economic, and social layers. This means that each of the ecological, economic, and social systems and subsystems must achieve the desired level of sustainability in order to judge the overall sustainability. In Iran, the biggest and most fundamental obstacle to the development of the agricultural sector and realization of its strategic goals is the structural obstacle related to agricultural system, which concerns the problem of the exploitation system of the center and its core. Of the most important types of exploitation systems in the country are micro-peasantry and rural production cooperatives. Methodology The present study was an applied research in a survey manner according to the nature of its subject and intended purpose. The information required for the research was obtained by using a variety of field and library methods. The statistical population included 17, 362 farmers, who were members of rural production cooperatives and 85, 405 peasant micro-farming units in the selected cities. The sample size was calculated by using Cochran's formula and the sample size of each village with its company was calculated by using the proportional assignment method. Then, using the sample size, random sampling method was utilized to select the beneficiaries. A questionnaire was applied as the research tool by available sampling. Its validity was confirmed according to the opinions of the experts in the field of geography and rural planning and those of the Ministry of Jihad Agriculture. Its validation was obtained by Cronbach's alpha method and the data analysis was performed by using SPSS software and WASPAS and CODAS techniques. Results The results of WASPAS technique showed that the various dimensions measured in Arg Rudasht and Anboukaran Kavir companies had the highest ranks among the other cooperative companies, while Golestan Qanavat Company was in the lowest rank. Based on a comparative study and the type of productivity in the two different systems of retail and cooperative productions according to the amount of Qi calculated, it was found that the cooperative production system was more successful based on the social, economic, and environmental indicators. According to the CODAS technique, Arg Rudasht Company had gained the first rank in both types of operation systems. Also, based on the values of Euclidean distances in this technique, it was proven that the exploiters of birth cooperatives had been more successful compared to the peasant exploitation system. Conclusion Agricultural development in the society is not only a basic need, but also a necessity and the results of studies indicate that improving agricultural production is not possible except by reforming the exploitation system in line with the principles of sustainable agriculture as the center of gravity of agricultural developments. Exploitation systems form the basis of Iran's economy and rural production. They have been adapted to Iranian agriculture with its changes of forms in different eras. To this day, Iranian agriculture has remained stable. Therefore, any planning to increase production with the use of new technologies and via modernization in agriculture and rural economy should be started from exploitation systems. According to the research results, the exploitation systems in Isfahan Province did not have favorable conditions and stability. This instability was more evident in the peasant exploitation system, which showed the main form of exploitation in the province. These results emphasizes this point that the exploitation system of the province needed to be managed and guided quickly in order to achieve sustainability and keep the related villages and rural economy stable. Similar to the results of previous studies, the present study confirmed that modern exploitation systems, such as rural production cooperatives, could play a more important role in sustainable agricultural development in the current conditions of rural society and agriculture due to having relative sustainability. In the current research, to study the subject of the mentioned exploitation system accurately and comprehensively, VASPAS and KODAS techniques were employed. WASPAS technique showed that the different social, economic, and environmental dimensions were most effective and had the highest rank in Arg Rudasht Company. Also, according to the comparative results based on the CODAS method, this company had the highest Euclidean distances and thus the highest rank among the other companies. Also, the research results revealed that with a step-by-step management and careful planning, we should move from the peasant exploitation system towards new exploitation systems. A clear example was Rudasht Citadel Company. This company was located in Qortan Village in Benroud Region of Isfahan Province. The company had very successful experiences in the field of mechanization and phytosanitary clinics and had been able to use the positive results and produce a positive approach to the cooperative exploitation system of the region.

An important part of the economic activities of the village is home businesses. Entrepreneurship in this field of home businesses and the use of natural and man-made capacities depend on the provision of drivers. This research was conducted in order to study the human drivers of home business entrepreneurship and their impact on sustainable development in the villages of Jarqouye Vosta. The data collection method of this descriptive-analytical study was documentary-survey methods. WASPAS technique showed that different dimensions of human motivation in Peikan village (Qi = 0.11 in this village) had the greatest impact on the process of entrepreneurship development in the field of home businesses. Based on the indicators of diversification of local employment, diversification of household income, resource management, risk tolerance, creativity and foresight, and with the help of the CODAS technique, the impacts of entrepreneurship on the development of sustainable rural home businesses were measured. The results showed that the impact of entrepreneurship on the development of rural home businesses in Habib Abad and Peikan villages was more than the impact on other villages of the Jarqouye Vosta. Finally, by using ARAS technique, the level of sustainability of the villages of Jarqouye Vosta was measured regarding environmental, economic, social and institutional dimensions. The Ki measure showed Habib Abad and Peikan villages ranked first among other villages of the studied region in terms of sustainability.

Introduction: Medical equipment replacement as one of the major principles of medical equipment management plays a sensitive and vital role in monitoring medical equipment in diagnosis, treatment and monitoring patients. In medical equipment replacement, we are aimed at adopting a policy in which, instead of using the equipment for a long time and with a higher maintenance cost, a suitable program for replacement the equipment is determined. The present study aims to present a decision-making system to facilitate the medical equipment replacement planning. Methods: The present study attempts to provide a solution to the medical equipment replacement program for the first time by providing a SWOT-ANP-WASPAS hybrid approach. In the proposed framework of the research, the SWOT matrix has been used to identify criteria, sub-criteria and strategic alternatives. Subsequently, ANP technique is used to weigh the criteria and sub-criteria. Strategic alternatives have been also weighted using the WASPAS method. Results: The proposed decision-making system attempts to increase the self-confidence of the decision makers and present sufficient supporting evidence in order to provide strategies for medical equipment replacement. This system allows the decision makers to understand the complex communications regarding decision-making better, which will increase the reliability of the corresponding decisions. Conclusion: The proposed hybrid approach can be integrated as a comprehensive decision-making system for medical equipment replacement in health centers and if the implementation of the formulated strategies and the sequence of their implementation is supported by managers, the costs of replacement will decrease and medical equipment technology will develop.

High gain Balun-low-noise-amplifier (LNA) is proposed for tuner of digital televisions (DTVs). The proposed Balun-LNA is based on CS-CG (common-source-common-gate) structure. To improve the isolasion and frequency response, Balun-LNA has cascode transistors before load resistors. Balun-LNA uses current-bleeding circuit to increasie transconductance of CS transistor, so that current-bleeding transistor has transconductance of N-1 times larger than transconductance of cascode transistor. Thereby, transconductance and current of CS transistor are increased N times, as N-1 times of current pass to current-bleeding transistor. Therefore current of CG and CS stages stay identical. Also, Balun-LNA employs a positive feedback to satisfy input impedance matching and CG transistor has higher transconductance. By increasing transconductance of CS and CG transistors, the proposed Balun-LNA achieves to high voltage gain. Accordingly, CG and CS tansistors have symmetrical currents and loads at the differential output of the proposed Balun-LNA. Symmetrical loads cause the balanced differential outputs. This proposed Balun-LNA is designed in 90-nm CMOS technology and covers the frequency range of 40 MHz to 1GHz. This Balun-LNA achieves the voltage gain of 22.6 dB, S11 of less than -10 dB and the Minimum NF of 5 dB. This Balun-LNA operates at the nominal supply voltage of 2.2v.